00505nas a2200121   4500008004100000050002500041245008600066210006900152300001200221490000700233100002200240856012100262       1977                        eng d  aBryozoa reprints NHM00aMonster zooids in <i>Cryptosula pallasiana</i> (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata Ascophora)0 aMonster zooids in iCryptosula pallasianai Bryozoa Cheilostomata   a404-4130 v291 aJebram, Diethardt  uhttps://britishbryozoans.myspecies.info/content/monster-zooids-cryptosula-pallasiana-bryozoa-cheilostomata-ascophora01700nas a2200145   4500008004100000020001300041245007200054210006900126260004600195300001000241490000700251520123200258100002401490856004001514       1977                        eng d  a0009326200aDistribution and Ecology of Estuarine Ectoprocts: A Critical Review0 aDistribution and Ecology of Estuarine Ectoprocts A Critical Revi  bCoastal and Estuarine Research Federation  a34-570 v183 aWhile most gymnolaemates are restricted to waters of normal salinity, at least 3-6% are able to penetrate some distance into mixohaline water. Of this group, which includes 9 species of cyclostomes, 35 species of ctenostomes, 55 species of anascan and 21 species of ascophoran cheilostomes, the cyclostomes and the ascophorans are least tolerant of diluted salinities, the ctenostomes and the anascans are most tolerant. Like many other groups of benthic organisms, ectoprocts show a decrease in numbers of species with decreasing salinity. Only 5 species can penetrate into waters of less than 3‰. About 20 species can be considered truly brackish-water organisms, being most abundant in mixohaline waters. Apparently these species possess some means of active osmoregulation, probably at the tissue level. The distribution of brackish water ectoprocts depends not on salinity alone, but also on factors of temperature, substrate availability and the general stability of the environment. Research most necessary before distribution patterns can be explained concerns the salinity tolerance of larvae and adults, larval behavior, and physiology. Also needed are faunal studies, particularly in tropical estuarine localities.1 aWinston, Judith, E.  uhttp://www.jstor.org/stable/1350363